More About Sentences (English Grammar)

More about Sentences

(English Grammar)

1. What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that:

makes complete sense

has a subject and a verb

expresses a full idea

Examples:

✔️ I like mangoes.

✔️ She is reading a book.

❌ Running in the park. (Not a complete sentence)

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2. Parts of a Sentence

Every sentence has two main parts:

(a) Subject

The subject is the person, animal, place, or thing about whom or which we speak.

Examples:

Ravi plays cricket.

The dog is barking.

(b) Predicate

The predicate tells something about the subject.

Examples:

Ravi plays cricket.

The dog is barking.

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3. Kinds of Sentences (According to Use)

There are five kinds of sentences.

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1. Assertive Sentence (Statement)

An assertive sentence tells or states something.

Types:

Affirmative – tells something positive

Negative – tells something negative

Examples:

She is my friend.

We live in Chatra.

He does not like tea.

I am not late.

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2. Interrogative Sentence (Question)

An interrogative sentence asks a question.

It always ends with a question mark (?)

Examples:

What is your name?

Where do you live?

Are you ready?

Did he come yesterday?

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3. Imperative Sentence (Order / Request / Advice)

An imperative sentence:

gives an order

makes a request

gives advice

gives instructions

The subject “you” is usually hidden.

Examples:

Sit down.

Please help me.

Do not make noise.

Follow the rules.

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4. Exclamatory Sentence (Strong Feeling)

An exclamatory sentence shows strong feelings like:

joy

surprise

sorrow

anger

It ends with an exclamation mark (!)

Examples:

What a beautiful flower!

How happy I am!

Alas! He is dead.

Wow! That is amazing!

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5. Optative Sentence (Wish or Prayer)

An optative sentence expresses a wish, hope, or prayer.

Examples:

May you succeed in life.

May God bless you.

Wish you a happy journey.

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4. Sentence According to Structure

According to structure, sentences are of four types.

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1. Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has:

one subject

one verb

one main clause

Examples:

I play football.

She sings well.

The sun rises in the east.

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2. Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has:

two or more independent clauses

joined by and, but, or, so

Examples:

I wanted to go, but it was raining.

He is poor, but he is honest.

She studied hard and she passed the exam.

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3. Complex Sentence

A complex sentence has:

one main clause

one or more subordinate clauses

Words used: because, when, if, that, who, which

Examples:

I know that he is honest.

She did not come because she was ill.

This is the boy who won the prize.

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4. Compound-Complex Sentence

A compound-complex sentence has:

two main clauses

one or more subordinate clauses

Example:

I called him, but he did not answer because he was busy.

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5. Phrase and Clause

Phrase

A phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject and a verb.

Examples:

in the morning

under the tree

a bunch of flowers

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Clause

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb.

Examples:

who is my friend

when the bell rang

because it was raining

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6. Subject and Predicate – Practice Idea (for Class)

Write on the board and ask students to identify:

1. The children are playing in the park.

Subject: The children

Predicate: are playing in the park

2. My father works in a bank.

Subject: My father

Predicate: works in a bank